FM (Diploma Civil Engineering 3rd)

1. Introduction: (01 hrs)

1.1 Fluids: Real and ideal fluids

1.2 Fluid Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Hydrodynamics, Hydraulics

2. Properties of Fluids (definition only) (03 hrs)

2.1 Mass density, specific weight, specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension - cohesion, adhesion and, capillarity, vapour pressure and compressibility.

2.2 Units of measurement and their conversion

3. Hydrostatic Pressure: (08 hrs)

3.1 Pressure, intensity of pressure, pressure head, Pascal's law and its

applications.

3.2 Total pressure, resultant pressure, and centre of pressure.

3.3 Total pressure and centre of pressure on horizontal, vertical and inclined

plane surfaces of rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal shapes and circular.

(No derivation)

4. Measurement of Pressure: (05 hrs)

4.1 Atmospheric pressure, g

5. Fundamentals of Fluid Flow: (06 hrs)

5.1 Types of Flow: Steady and unsteady flow, laminar and turbulent flow,

uniform and non-uniform flow

5.2 Discharge and continuity equation (flow equation) {No derivation}

5.3 Types of hydraulic energy: Potential energy, kinetic energy, pressure

energy

5.4 Bernoulli's theorem; statement and description (without proof of theorem)

and simple numerical problems.

6. Flow Measurements (brief description with simple numerical problems)

(06 hrs)

6.1 Venturimeter and mouthpiece

6.2 Pitot tube

6.3 Orifice and Orificemeter

6.4 Current meters

6.5 Notches and weirs (simple numerical problems)

7. Flow through Pipes: (08 hrs)

7.1 Definition of pipe flow; Reynolds number, laminar and turbulent flow - explained through Reynold's experiment

7.2 Critical velocity and velocity distributions in a pipe for laminar flow

7.3 Head loss in pipe lines due to friction, sudden expansion and sudden

contraction, entrance, exit, obstruction and change of direction (No

derivation of formula)

7.4 Hydraulic gradient line and total energy line

7.5 Flow from one reservoir to another through a long pipe of uniform cross

section (simple problems)

7.6 Pipes in series and parallel

7.7 Water hammer phenomenon and its effects (only definition and

description)

8. Flow through open channels: (09 hrs)

8.1 Definition of an open channel, uniform flow and non-uniform flow

8.2 Discharge through channels using

i) Chezy's formula (no derivation)

ii) Manning's formula (no derivation)

iii) Simple Numerical Problems

8.3 Most economical channel sections (no derivation)

i) Rectangular

ii) Trapezoidal

iii) Simple Numerical Problems

8.4 Head loss in open channel due to friction

9. Hydraulic Pumps: (02 hrs)

Hydraulic pump, reciprocating pump, centrifugal pumps (No numericals and

derivations) (may be demonstrated with the help of working models)